Who was the first Polish president?
The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was sworn in as president of the Second Polish Republic on 11 December 1922. He was elected by the National Assembly (the Sejm and the Senate) under the terms of the 1921 March Constitution.
When was martial law declared in Poland?
Martial law in Poland
| Date | 13 December 1981 – 22 July 1983 (1 year, 7 months, 1 week and 2 days) |
|---|---|
| Location | Poland |
| Result | Polish government victory Crackdown on opposition Protests suppressed Deepened economic crisis Continued resistance until 1989 |
Who imposed martial law in Poland?
On December 13-th 1981 the Military Council of National Salvation, headed by General Wojciech Jaruzelski, imposed Martial Law in Poland.
Was Poland a socialist country?
The Polish United Workers’ Party became the dominant political faction, officially making Poland a socialist country, but with more liberal policies than other states of the Eastern Bloc. Throughout its existence, economic hardships and social unrest were common almost in every decade.
What was the Solidarity movement in Poland?
In the 1980s, Solidarity was a broad anti-bureaucratic social movement, using methods of civil resistance to advance the causes of workers’ rights and social change. Government attempts in the early 1980s to destroy the union through the imposition of martial law in Poland and the use of political repression failed.
What happen in Poland in 1988?
The 1988 Polish strikes were a massive wave of workers’ strikes which broke out from 21 April, 1988 in the Polish People’s Republic. These strikes were mostly organized by local activists, who had no idea that their leaders from Warsaw had already started secret negotiations with the Communists.
What exactly happened on August 16 1980 and the days after in the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk Poland?
Strikes of 1980 Workers of the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk ultimately went on strike in mid-August, sparked by the firing of Anna Walentynowicz. On the third day of the strike, on August 16, 1980, management granted Lenin Shipyard workers their working and pay demands.
Why was solidarity important to Poland?
In the early 1980s, it became the first independent labor union in a Soviet-bloc country. Solidarity gave rise to a broad, non-violent, anti-communist social movement that, at its height, claimed some 9.4 million members. In the 1990s, Solidarity’s influence on Poland’s political scene waned.
When was solidarity created?
August 31, 1980, Gdańsk, Poland
What is the goal of solidarity?
Solidarity is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one.
What is a solidarity strike?
Solidarity action (also known as secondary action, a secondary boycott, or a sympathy strike) is industrial action by a trade union in support of a strike initiated by workers in a separate corporation, but often the same enterprise, group of companies, or connected firm.
Where was Lech Walesa from?
Popowo, Poland
How old is Lech Walesa?
77 years (September 29, 1943)
When was Lech Walesa born?
September 29, 1943 (age 77 years)
Why are secondary boycotts illegal?
The purpose of the secondary boycott is typically to exert indirect pressure on the employer to resolve the labor dispute by causing its business connections to suffer as a result of the dispute. Secondary boycotts are illegal under the National Labor Relations Act.
Can I be fired for not crossing a picket line?
No law can keep your employer from taking an adverse employment action against you, but you have the legal right to refuse to cross a picket line and your employer must have a legitimate business reason for terminating your employment other than your decision to honor a picket line.
What is primary strike?
primary strike : a strike by workers against their employer with whom they have a dispute.
What are the types of strike?
Types of strikes
- Wildcat strike. A wildcdat strike is a strike that is not approved by the labor union.
- Sympathy strike. A sympathy strike is a strike that is done to support another group of workers on strike.
- Slowdown strike.
- Green ban.
- United States.
What are the essentials of a strike?
Essential Characteristics of Strikes:
- There should be a cessation of work,
- The cessation of work should be by a body (group) of persons,
- The body of persons ceasing to work should be employed in any industry,
- The body of persons ceasing to work must be acting in combination,
What is tool down strike?
A pen-down strike (sometimes known as a tool-down strike or dropping pen), is a form of nonviolent strike action or a peaceful protest in which an organized group of private, government workers or its associated professionals partially attends their offices in public or private sector without being involved in office …
Is a Sick out a strike?
A “sickout”, or (especially by uniformed police officers) “blue flu”, is a type of strike action in which the strikers call in sick. This is used in cases where laws prohibit certain employees from declaring a strike.
What is stay in strike?
The defendants resorted to “stay-in-strike”. As a result, there is cessation of work …
Why are sit-down strikes illegal?
Strikes unlawful because of misconduct of strikers. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that a “sitdown” strike, when employees simply stay in the plant and refuse to work, thus depriving the owner of property, is not protected by the law.
What is cat call strike?
Wildcat strike, work stoppage undertaken by employees without the consent of their respective unions. Such strikes are not necessarily illegal, but they often violate terms of a collective bargaining agreement.
Is on strike meaning?
Refusing to take part
Why do workers go on strike?
Strike, collective refusal by employees to work under the conditions required by employers. Strikes arise for a number of reasons, though principally in response to economic conditions (defined as an economic strike and meant to improve wages and benefits) or labour practices (intended to improve work conditions).